Osmium isotope geochemistry in the Mackenzie River basin     

Youngsook Huh  Jean-Louis Birck 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):115-129

The Cenozoic marine osmium isotope record is largely driven by changes in the continental input. We aid its interpretation by supplying direct measurements of present day riverine Os in known geological and environmental settings. We analyzed Os concentrations and isotopic ratios in the dissolved, suspended, and bed materials of the Mackenzie River in Canada and smaller rivers draining the Western Cordillera into the Pacific Ocean. Rhenium content was measured for suspended and bed materials to provide further constraint. Dissolved ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios range from 0.74 to 4.5 and are controlled to first order by age and lithology of the bedrock. The rivers draining Jurassic volcanic rocks are unradiogenic, as low as 0.74, and those draining the Precambrian Canadian Shield are radiogenic, as high as 3.5. The headwaters of the Mackenzie left bank tributaries draining metamorphic carbonates in the Eastern Cordillera and Paleozoic black and gray shales in the Transition zone and the Interior Platform are especially radiogenic (3.0-4.5) with relatively high concentrations of Os. These latter rivers are responsible for the Mackenzie being above world average in Os concentration and yield (mol Os/km²/year) as well as in ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os. The dissolved load is more radiogenic than the suspended or bed loads and constitutes a significant fraction of total fluvial Os.  相似文献   

Cavernous weathering,dynamical instability and self‐organization     

Alice V. Turkington  Jonathan D. Phillips 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(6):665-675

Cavernous weathering may be conceptualized as a self‐reinforcing process, characterized by positive feedback within the weathering system. A morphometric study of caverns in the Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, USA, demonstrates the applicability of a dynamically unstable, or conditionally unstable, model of cavernous weathering systems. Outcrop surfaces displaying caverns tend to show increasing fragmentation of the surface in the early stages of cavernous weathering, succeeded by convergent evolution of the surface in which caverns tend to grow and coalesce. A paradoxical relationship exists between the weathering system output at the scale of individual forms and the outcrop scale: caverns tend toward minimum interior surface area by developing a spheroidal form, yet the outcrop surface tends toward maximum exposed surface area by increasing the degree of fragmentation of the surface. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geochronological evidence for pervasive Miocene weathering,Minas Gerais,Brazil     

Isabela de O. Carmo  Paulo Vasconcelos 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(11):1303-1320

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser incremental‐heating analyses of 22 individual grains of supergene cryptomelane from three weathering pro?les, up to 400 km apart, in the Rio Doce valley and Barbacena regions at Minas Gerais, Brazil, show that the formation of weathering pro?les in these regions is contemporaneous, suggesting a strong weathering event in the Middle to Late Miocene (10–8 Ma). The preservation of these Miocene samples at or near the present surface suggests that either erosion rates have been very low in the region since the Miocene or that a much thicker weathering mantle was present in the region originally. Assuming a constant thickness of weathering pro?les in the region throughout the Tertiary, we may calculate weathering front propagation rates of 4–8 m Myr^?1 during the past 10 Ma. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

阿达滩盆地古近纪淡水腹足类化石的发现及其地质意义     

王进寿  拜永山  郝平  常革红  保光普 《西北地质》2004,37(3):21-23

东昆仑西段阿达滩盆地早新生代陆相碎屑岩沉积建造，原先被笼统认为属“下第三系”。1：25万库郎米其提幅区调中，在该碎屑岩建造中首次发现淡水腹足类化石：假菊石型南方圆螺黄河亚种Australorbis pseudoammonius huanghoensis Yu，实椎螺(未定种)Lymneasp．根据含化石地层的岩相特征及腹足类化石生存时代，阿达滩盆地的下第三纪应属古近纪渐新世的干柴沟组下部，据该套地层的存在及不整合覆盖于其上的早更新世七个泉组分析，推断阿达滩盆地在渐新世末存在一次较强规模的隆起。  相似文献   

添加钢筋提高隔震结构高宽比限值的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

祁皑  林云腾 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(1):120-125

提出了在边支座上添加竖向钢筋以提高隔震结构高宽比限值的构造措施；从方案的构造、添加钢筋的工作状态以及对隔震效果的影响等方面论证了该措施的可行性；基于《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)，推导了添加竖向钢筋后隔震结构高宽比限值的公式；可行性论证和实际算例的计算结果表明，本方案技术可行、效果显著。  相似文献   

中间参考面静校正技术及应用效果     

钱荣钧冯泽元  李培明杨晓玲 《应用地球物理》2005,2(2):80-84

常规静校正方法是先做低降速带校正，再做从高速层顶界面到统一基准面的校正。当高速层顶界面起伏剧烈和高速层速度横向变化较大时，这种静校正计算方法就不能很好解决静校正问题。中间参考面静校正技术是在静校正计算时，在高速层顶界面之下引入一个圆滑的参考面，这样可以在低降速带校正的基础上进一步提高静校正精度，确保成像效果和构造精度。该项技术在中国西部复杂地表区推广应用后取得了良好的效果。本文系统介绍了中间参考面的意义、应用条件及参数的选取，同时展示了部分典型效果对比资料。  相似文献   

Dynamic behavior and applicability of lead alloy absorber     

李亚琦  李小军  刘锡荟 《地震学报(英文版)》2005,18(1):89-98

Introduction As the result of economic development, metropolitans spring out in China. In metropolitans,the cities contact with each other through life line systems, the density of population is larger thanother areas, and social treasure in the unit area is much higher than other cities (GAO, 2003). Atthe same time, the risk of potential earthquake disaster in metropolitans increases greatly. One ofcharacters of metropolitan earthquake damage is that each city in the metropolitan will …  相似文献   

渭北东部奥陶灰岩地下水硫酸盐起源的化学同位素研究     

范基姣  马致远  何锦  刘瑞平 《地下水》2005,27(5):344-346

通过对渭北东部奥陶灰岩地下水中SO42-、δD、δ34S、δ18O的分析研究,认为奥陶灰岩地下水中硫酸盐起源主要为海相硫酸盐的溶解,其次为南部古沉积咸水混入.  相似文献   

龙羊峡谷更新世以来气候演变特征及其对拉西瓦水电站坝区花岗岩风化作用的影响     

毛会斌  巨广宏 《地质灾害与环境保护》2005,16(3):267-270

龙羊峡谷为黄河上游水电富矿河谷段，拉西瓦水电站位于龙羊峡谷出口地段，研究龙羊峡谷更新世以来气候演变特征对于探讨拉西瓦水电站坝区自然环境发展演化与工程岩体地质过程浅表生改造均有重要意义。本文在简述了龙羊峡谷形成史之后，通过分析树木年轮法、植物孢粉法、同位素法等所获取的资料，总结了更新世以来龙羊峡地区气候演变特征。分析认为龙羊峡地区更新世以来气候以旱寒为主，这种气候特征对于拉西瓦水电站坝区花岗岩风化作用的影响主要存在于两个方面：温度变化及由此带来的冰劈作用。  相似文献   

Recycling and chemical weathering in tectonically controlled Mesozoic–Cenozoic basins of New Zealand     

P.L. CORCORAN 《Sedimentology》2005,52(4):757-774

Sedimentation in molasse basins is controlled by tectonics, however, recycling and chemical weathering play a critical role in the compositional evolution of a sedimentary succession. The Cretaceous to Pliocene molasse deposits of Central Otago, New Zealand are excellent examples of tectonically related deposits that were governed by the effects of chemical weathering and recycling. Preserved in fault-controlled basins floored by flysch deposits of the Otago Schist, the clastic successions contain ubiquitous unconformities and lithofacies consistent with alluvial, fluvial and lacustrine depositional settings. Textural analysis of Central Otago sandstones establishes a general quartz enrichment and increased mixing of angular and well-rounded quartz varieties up-section, consistent with a history of sediment recycling. Rare earth element (REE) patterns, which reflect upper crustal compositions, are similar for the flysch-type Otago Schist (Permian–Early Cretaceous), a palaeo-weathering profile, and the overlying molasse deposits. The development of quartz arenites is also consistent with high degrees of chemical weathering, and erosion of the schist basement, which contains numerous quartz veins. Although recycling has occurred, SiO₂ and TiO₂ do not consistently show a negative correlation over time. This reflects erosion of previously deposited quartz-rich sediment and the Otago weathering profile, which produced an inverse stratigraphy. CIA values range from 52 for lithic-rich, coarse-grained sandstones and polymictic conglomerate matrices, to 93 for coarse-grained to pebble-rich quartz arenites. Individual samples were split into finer- and coarser-grained pairs (<2·5φ and 2·5 to −1φ) and were analysed separately. The results show that finer-grained samples contain higher REE abundances and less SiO₂, but the coarser-grained Miocene–Pliocene samples have higher CIA values than their finer-grained counterparts. These coarse-grained deposits are quartz-rich and plot erratically on tectonic discrimination diagrams, implying that using SiO₂-poor samples is more reliable for geochemical analysis. Overall, the petrographic and geochemical results indicate that the main factors controlling the composition of the Central Otago molasse deposits were source composition, chemical weathering and recycling. Studies of this nature can be conducted in Archaean tectonically controlled molasse basins that are affected by similar allocyclic factors.  相似文献